The dredging dilemma: Economic development and environmental protection in Oakland Harbor

Abstract

Seaport expansion often generates tensions between the national interest in efficient transport and local interests in water quality and habitat preservation. The governing American permitting system, however, establishes an extraordinarily cumbersome, legalistic, and costly method for balancing environmental and economic considerations. A case study of the Port of Oakland illustrates the tendency. For four years, plans to find an environmentally acceptable site for dredged material have been stymied by a sequence of inconclusive regulatory and judicial proceedings. Meanwhile, large container ships can enter and leave Oakland harbor only at high tide, and not fully loaded. Despite the absence of any authoritative determination concerning environmental risks, the port was compelled to accede to progressively more expensive disposal methods. Such “adversarial legalism”; is not unique to the Oakland harbor case, but recurs in other policy spheres. It stems from a governmental structure that fragments decision‐making power among many agencies, that constrains regulatory discretion with legal demands for scientific certainty, and that by allowing agency decisions to be challenged readily in court, encourages legalistic defensiveness and extortion rather than compromise. The article concludes with a discussion of the conditions under which regional planning bodies might overcome these centrifugal tendencies.     

厦漳大桥北汊主桥通航孔通航能力分析

厦漳大桥北汊主桥通航孔的通航能力与其上游及桥区附近的码头建设规模密切相关.以调研数据为基础,分析北汊主桥通航孔的特点及碍航性,提出通航净空高度是制约其通航能力的主要因素,通过实船数据的统计分析,论证北汊主桥通航孔的通航能力.其结论对该桥区通航安全管理及桥区上游和附近码头建设规模的确定具有参考价值.     

出租车行业规制与放松规制分析

对出租车行业的规制现状进行分析,依据经济学理论,利用博弈论以及社会福利理论分析出租车行业无规制条件下和规制条件下的社会福利情况。通过库诺特竞争模型,说明出租车行业在规制条件下的社会福利与无规制条件相比得到改善和提高;通过斯坦克尔伯格竞争模型,得出出租车行业在放松规制条件下的社会福利与规制条件下相比得到改善和提高。从社会福利角度对出租车的行业规制和放松规制进行分析,指出出租车行业规制的合理发展方向,为今后出租车行业的健康发展提供理论依据。     

Estimating economic and resilience consequences of potential navigation infrastructure failures: A case study of the Monongahela River

The paper examines the potential effects of failure of heavily used, outdated locks and dams on the Monongahela River in southwestern Pennsylvania. Catastrophic failure would result in lengthy outage of barge traffic. The displaced volume of coal shipments from mines to power plants is estimated using Energy Information Administration survey data. The resilience of the impacted facilities, the viability of their shipping alternatives, and their ability to re-organize into new markets is assessed. Lost revenues are estimated for facilities that close due to an inability to adapt, as well as the replacement cost of towboats and barges trapped by a catastrophic and sudden failure. The aggregate costs to these facilities as a result of a year-long closure are estimated at $0.56-1.7 billion.     

湖南省高速公路滑坡研究

根据近30 a来,湖南省公路勘察、设计、施工中所获滑坡资料792处,归纳了湖南省公路滑坡的规律共性,并从各种不同的角度分析了滑坡的成因机理;根据公路特点提出了公路滑坡新的分类标准;建立了湖南省公路滑坡分区图;给出了相应的处治对策,提出了滑坡工作今后的发展方向。     

仑头-生物岛沉管隧道管段浮运方案探讨

随着沉管技术的发展，干坞形式的多样化，突显出了干坞与隧道的距离不再是沉管隧道干坞方案比选的决定性因素。但新的问题是如何长距离运输管段并达到经济、合理的效果。通过仑头—生物岛沉管隧道的管段浮运，探讨移动干坞法预制管段前提下，管段长距离浮运方案比选和具体实施细则，为今后大型沉管隧道设计和施工提供参考。     

对我国道路运输行业管理方针的探讨

面对我国道路运输业存在的诸多问题,指出了加强行业管理的重要性,并对道路运输业的经济本质进行了理论分析。尽管世界各国的道路运输行业都不具备自然垄断的形态,但文章仍然在我国首次提出了道路运输业属公用事业范畴的观点,这在一定程度上给出了我国道路运输业管制与放开争议的解决思路。根据我国道路运输行业所处的发展阶段和发展环境,提出了政府对道路运输行业的管理不仅不应消弱,相反应该大大加强的观点。对于竞争不完全的市场,政府的管制是至为必要的;仅强调开放运输市场只会增加竞争的无序和资源的浪费。文章认为今后相当时期对道路运输行业应实施适度管制的管理方针,而管制的重点在于运输市场的准入。     

横滩整治措施与效果分析

文章介绍了横滩整治工程的措施与效果,分析该滩获得成功整治的关键技术与经验,为类似工程提供参考。     

郁江西竹坑口航道整治措施的建议

文章结合郁江西竹坑口经常出现淤积泥砂而防碍航行的问题,分析出现淤积的原因,提出相应的整治措施与建议。     

加快制定汽车行业CAE分析流程及结果评价体系——促进我国汽车行业CAE软件应用水平

我国汽车产业经过几十年的发展，取得了很大进步，然而与国际先进的设计、制造技术相比还有很大的差距，特别是仵CAE技术应用和结果评价体系方面存在巨大差距，因此尽快制定汽车行业CAE分析流程和结果评价体系，加强相关汽车安全标准的制订、强制性检测项目的实施，以促进汽车设计分析技术的进步，提高汽车安全性能，比如我国汽车正面碰撞安全性法规的实施．就极大地推动国内汽车企业CAE仿真分析的开展和软件应用水平的提高，进而也促进了产品可靠性的提高和产品研发实力的提升，为我国汽车企业参与国际竞争提供了技术保证。